Vacuum distillation working principle When you have a solution which you need to separate using distillation, you need to heat the mixture to above the boiling point of one component so that it can be converted in to vapor form then condensed to cover again in liquid form. If the boiling point of the component is very high (generally boiling point more than 150 is consider high) it is difficult to achieve as it requires utility that can evaporate it which can be costly. So pressure of the column is reduce, as pressure decrease, boiling point of compound also decrease. This decrease in boiling point of the compound can be achieve with cost effective utilities also and can achieve easily. How is the vacuum developed in a vacuum distillation equipment To create a vacuum is a distillation column, a steam ejector is used. The steam ejector is used to generate a vacuum which is connected to a vacuum trap where vacuum is stored. The distillation column receiver is then connected through-line with the vacuum to get the vacuum in the column receiver. Through the column receiver, we can get the vacuum in the distillation column. This was the procedure where the column is used for the distillation operation. The difference between atmospheric and vacuum distillation? As the name suggest, differennce between atomospheric and vacuum distillation is the operating pressure. Atmoshperic distillation is being carried out at atmospherice pressure i.e. equals to 1 atm, while vacuum distillation is carried out pressure less than atmospheric pressure or a negative pressure.
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